Norway

The history of LGBT rights in Norway is characterized by its early global leadership. While it decriminalized homosexuality later than its neighbor Sweden, it was the first country in the world to enact a law explicitly banning discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Here is the historical overview of the legalization of homosexuality and gay rights in Norway.

Phase I: The "Silent" Prohibition (1902–1972)
For much of the 20th century, Norwegian law contained a specific ban on male homosexual acts, though it was rarely enforced in the later years.

1902: The Norwegian Penal Code (Paragraph 213) is enacted. It criminalizes "indecent intercourse between men" with a penalty of up to one year in imprisonment.

Note: The law stated that prosecution should only occur if "required by public interest," which limited mass arrests but maintained the social stigma.

1950s: The "Forbundet av 1948" (League of 1948) is established as a branch of the Danish organization. Under the leadership of Kim Friele, it begins the slow fight for visibility and rights in a deeply conservative society.

Phase II: The Breakthrough Decade (1972–1982)
This decade saw the rapid dismantling of the legal structures of oppression, driven by persistent activism that turned Norway into a pioneer.

1972 (April 21): Decriminalization. Parliament repeals Paragraph 213. Homosexual acts between consenting adults are no longer a crime.

The age of consent is equalized at 16 for everyone.

1977/1982: Declassification as Illness. The Norwegian Psychiatric Association votes to remove homosexuality from the list of mental disorders in 1977. The state officially removes the diagnosis from the health registry in 1982 (ending the "sickness" stigma).

1981: Anti-Discrimination Law (World First).

Norway becomes the first country in the world to enact a statutory ban on discrimination against gays.

Paragraph 349a of the Penal Code is amended to prohibit discrimination based on "homosexual disposition" in the provision of goods and services. Paragraph 135a bans hate speech against them.

Phase III: Partnerships & Family Rights (1993–2008)
Like its neighbors, Norway adopted the "Nordic Model"—creating a separate but equal status for same-sex couples before eventually moving to full marriage.

1993: Registered Partnerships (Registrert partnerskap) are introduced.

Norway becomes the second country in the world (after Denmark) to legally recognize same-sex unions.

It granted almost all rights of marriage, but excluded adoption and church weddings.

2002: Step-child adoption is legalized, allowing a registered partner to adopt their partner's biological child.

Phase IV: Full Equality & Self-Determination (2008–Present)
The modern era has been defined by the replacement of "partnerships" with "marriage" and a radical shift in transgender rights.

2008 (June 11): Same-Sex Marriage Legalized.

The Storting (Parliament) passes a new gender-neutral Marriage Act.

Adoption: Full joint adoption rights are granted.

IVF: Lesbian couples are granted equal access to state-funded assisted insemination.

2009 (January 1): The Marriage Act enters into force. Registered partnerships are closed to new couples (existing ones can be converted to marriage).

2016: Gender Recognition Act.

Norway passes a law allowing legal gender change based on Self-Determination.

The requirement for a medical diagnosis, psychological evaluation, or sterilization is abolished.

It applies to anyone over 16 (and children aged 6–16 with parental consent).

2022 (April): Official Apology. On the 50th anniversary of decriminalization, the Norwegian government formally apologizes to the gay men convicted under the old Paragraph 213.

2023 (December): Conversion Therapy Ban. Parliament votes (85–15) to ban "conversion therapy." The law makes it a crime to attempt to change someone's sexual orientation or gender identity through therapeutic or religious means.

Norway is very safe for LGBTQ travelers. Oslo Pride is a major annual event. The country is progressive and accepting. Nature-focused LGBTQ tours are popular.

FRI (Norwegian Organization for Sexual and Gender Diversity)
Website: www.foreningenfri.no

Oslo Pride
Website: www.oslopride.no